This page explains how to place various mathematical characters into HTML documents. The symbols have been grouped into the following categories:
Operation Symbols |
Relation Symbols |
Arrows and Brackets |
Greek Symbols |
Miscellaneous Symbols |
INTRODUCTION
There are several ways to add these symbols to your pages. I will omit consideration of symbols which appear on the keyboard unless, like &, they have a special HTML meaning. Of course, for any symbol, a .gif image can be created and the image displayed using the <img> tag. I will omit consideration of this strategy as well. In the tables below three codes will be given for displaying a character: the HTML numerical code, a code that can be placed between a FONT FACE tag, and a special HTML literal code (where available).
One more thing. To form superscripts or subscripts use the <SUP> or <SUB> tags.
WARNING: Sometimes the numeric code for a symbol is the same as used within FONT FACE tags, but sometimes it's different. For example, \ produces \ while <FONT FACE="Symbol">\</FONT> produces \. Also, while the codes appear to have become "standard" it is possible that some browser will not support certain characters. This will most likely be a problem when using the FONT FACE method.
Operation SymbolsNAME | SYMBOL | NUMERIC CODE |
FONT FACE="Symbol" Code | LITERAL CODE |
---|---|---|---|---|
For all | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">"</FONT> | None | |
There exist | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">$</FONT> | None | |
Not | ¬ | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ø</FONT> | ¬ | |
And (meet) | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ù</FONT> | None | |
Or (join) | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ú</FONT> | None | |
Intersection | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ç</FONT> | None | |
Union | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">È</FONT> | None | |
Plus or minus | ± | <FONT FACE="Symbol">±</FONT> | ± | |
Times | × | <FONT FACE="Symbol">´</FONT> | × | |
Partial derivative | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">¶</FONT> | None | |
Solid dot | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">·</FONT> | None | |
Middle dot | · | <FONT FACE="Symbol">×</FONT> | · | |
Circle times | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ä</FONT> | None | |
Circle plus | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Å</FONT> | None | |
Division | ÷ | <FONT FACE="Symbol">¸</FONT> | ÷ | |
Big product | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Õ</FONT> | None | |
Big sum | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">å</FONT> | None | |
Square root | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ö</FONT> | None | |
Integral | ∫ | ∫ |
NAME | SYMBOL | NUMERIC CODE |
FONT FACE="Symbol" Code | LITERAL CODE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Contains the element | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">'</FONT> | None | |
Is a member of | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Î</FONT> | None | |
Is not a member of | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ï</FONT> | None | |
Less than | < | < | ||
Greater than | > | > | ||
Isomorphism | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">@</FONT> | None | |
Perpendicular | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">^</FONT> | None | |
Vertical bar | | | <FONT FACE="Symbol">|</FONT> | None | |
Vertical line | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">½</FONT> | None | |
Less than or equal | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">£</FONT> | None | |
Greater than or equal | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">³</FONT> | None | |
Not equal to | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">¹</FONT> | None | |
Equivalent to | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">º</FONT> | None | |
Approximately | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">»</FONT> | None | |
Similar to | ~ | <FONT FACE="Symbol">~</FONT> | None | |
Empty set | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Æ</FONT> | None | |
Contains properly | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">É</FONT> | None | |
Contains | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ê</FONT> | None | |
Not included in | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ë</FONT> | None | |
Proper subset of | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ì</FONT> | None | |
Subset of | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Í</FONT> | None |
NAME | SYMBOL | NUMERIC CODE |
FONT FACE="Symbol" Code | LITERAL CODE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Left brace | [ | <FONT FACE="Symbol">[</FONT> | None | |
Right brace | ] | <FONT FACE="Symbol">]</FONT> | None | |
Left angle bracket | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol"><</FONT> | None | |
Right angle bracket | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">></FONT> | None | |
Left curley bracket | { | <FONT FACE="Symbol">{</FONT> | None | |
Right curley bracket | } | <FONT FACE="Symbol">}</FONT> | None | |
Double arrow | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">«</FONT> | None | |
Left arrow | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">¬</FONT> | None | |
Up arrow | ↑ | <FONT FACE="Symbol">­</FONT> | None | |
Right arrow | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">®</FONT> | None | |
Down arrow | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">¯</FONT> | None | |
Double big arrow | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Û</FONT> | None | |
Double left arrow | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ü</FONT> | None | |
Double up arrow | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ý</FONT> | None | |
Double right arrow | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Þ</FONT> | None | |
Double down arrow | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">ß</FONT> | None | |
Ellipsis | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">¼</FONT> | None | |
Left angle quote | « | « | ||
Right angle quote | » | » |
NAME | SYMBOL | NUMERIC CODE |
FONT FACE="Symbol" Code | LITERAL CODE |
---|---|---|---|---|
alpha | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</FONT> | None | beta | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</FONT> | None | gamma | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</FONT> | None | delta | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">d</FONT> | None | epsilon | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">e</FONT> | None | zeta | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">z</FONT> | None | eta | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">h</FONT> | None | theta | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">q</FONT> | None | iota | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">i</FONT> | None | kappa | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">k</FONT> | None | lambda | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">l</FONT> | None | mu | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">m</FONT> | None | nu | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">n</FONT> | None | xi | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">x</FONT> | None | omicron | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">o</FONT> | None | pi | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">p</FONT> | None | rho | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">r</FONT> | None | sigma | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">s</FONT> | None | tau | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">t</FONT> | None | upsilon | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">u</FONT> | None | phi | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">j</FONT> | None | chi | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">c</FONT> | None | psi | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">y</FONT> | None | omega | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">w</FONT> | None |
NAME | SYMBOL | NUMERIC CODE |
FONT FACE="Symbol" Code | LITERAL CODE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Blank space | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol"> </FONT> | | |
Number sign | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">#</FONT> | None | |
Percent | % | <FONT FACE="Symbol">%</FONT> | None | |
Ampersand | & | <FONT FACE="Symbol">&</FONT> | & | |
Double quote | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">²</FONT> | " | |
Therefore | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">\</FONT> | None | |
Upper bar | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">`</FONT> | None | |
Infinity | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">¥</FONT> | None | |
Degree | ° | <FONT FACE="Symbol">°</FONT> | ° | |
Long dash | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">¾</FONT> | None | |
Aleph | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">À</FONT> | None | |
Angle sign | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ð</FONT> | None | |
Upside-down triangle | None | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ñ</FONT> | None | |
One-half | ½ | ½ | ||
Cent sign | ¢ | ¢ | ||
Registered sign | ® | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ò</FONT> | ® | |
Copyright sign | © | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ó</FONT> | © | |
Trademark sign | ™ | <FONT FACE="Symbol">Ô</FONT> | None |